SIFAT
CÜMLECİKLERİ : TÜMLEÇLERİ
ADJECTİVE CLAUSES
GİRİŞ : RELATIVE CLAUSES
Sıfat cümlecikleri (Relative clauses) aynı ad öbeğine ( noun
phrase) sahip iki basit cümleyi birleştirmek için
kullanlırlar. Sıfat cümlecikleri bulundukları cümlede sıfat
görevi yaparlar;cümlede isimleri nitelemek için
kullanlırlar. Sıfat cümlecikleri niteleme yapacakları
cümleye ilgi zamirleri ( relative pronouns) ile bağlanırlar.
1- ZAMİRLER
• Who (For people as subject)
• Who (m) (For people as object)
• Which (For things or animals)
• That (For people, things and animals)
• Whose (Possessions) 2- RELATIVE ADVERBS
• Where (Place)
• When (time)
• Why (reason)
2- ÖZNE'Yİ NİTELEYEN
SIFAT TÜMLEÇLERİ
1. (a) The boy is happy. He passed the exam.
(b) The boy who passed the exam is happy.
(c) The boy that passed the exam is happy.
2. (a) I stayed at a hotel. It was in the center of
the city.
(b) I stayed at a hotel which was in the center of
the city.
(c) I stayed at a hotel that was in the center of
the city.
3. (a) The teacher is in the classroom. He teaches
us English.
(b) The teacher who teaches us English is in the
classroom.
(c) The teacher that teaches us English is in the
classroom
4. (a) The car belongs to my father. It is on the
left.
(b) The car which is on the left belongs to my
father.
(c) The car that is on the left belongs to my
father.
örneklerin, (b) ve (c) cümlelerindeki koyu yazılı
bölümler sıfat cümleciklerini (relative clause)
göstermekte olup, anlamları aynıdır
Who, which ve that ilgi zamirleri ( relative
pronouns) ,sıfat cümleciklerinde ÖZNE
konumundadırlar. |
3- NESNEYİ
NİTELEYEN SIFAT TÜMLEÇLERİ
1. (a) The film was good. I watched it last night.
(b) The film which I watched last night was good.
(c) The film that I watched last night was good.
(d) The film I watched last night was good.
2. (a) The teacher liked the term paper. I gave it
last week.
(b) The teacher liked term paper which I gave last
week.
(c) The teacher liked term paper that I gave last
week.
(d) The teacher liked term paper I gave last week.
3. (a) The woman is a doctor. I met her yesterday.
(b) The woman who (m) I met yesterday is a doctor.
(c) The woman that I met yesterday is a doctor.
(d) The woman I met yesterday is a doctor.
4. (a) The apples were too sour. We bought them from
the market.
(b) The apples which we bought from the market were
too sour.
(c) The apples that we bought from the market were
too sour
(d) The apples we bought from the market were too
sour
Kutudaki örneklerin, (b), (c) ve (d) cümlelerindeki
koyu yazılı bölümler sıfat cümleciklerini (relative
clause) göstermekte olup, anlamları aynıdır
Who(m), which ve that ilgi zamirleri (relative
pronouns), sıfat cümleciklerinde NESNE
konumundadırlar
Eğer nesne konumunda ise, who ya da whom ilgi
zamirleri,sıfat cümleciğinde kullanlıbilir. İlgi
zamiri Özne konumunda ise sadece who
kullanlılabilir.
İlgi zamirleri, sıfat cümlesi içinde nesne konumunda
iken cümleden düşürülebilirler.
5- (a) INCORRECT: The woman who(m) I met her
yesterday is a doctor.
(b) INCORRECT: The woman that I met her yesterday is
a doctor.
(c) INCORRECT: The woman I met her yesterday is a
doctor.
Nesne konumundaki şahıs zamirleri, sıfat
cümleciklerinde kullanılamazlar. Dolayısıyla 5.
örnek yalnıştır. |
4- PREPOSITION İLE
BİRLİKTE SIFAT TÜMLEÇLERİ
1. (a) This is the
student. I told you about him.
(b) This is the student about whom I told you.
(c) This is the student whom I told you about.
(d) This is the student that I told you about.
(e) This is the student I told you about. |
2. (a) The song was
very romantic. We listened to it.
(b) The song to which we listened was very romantic.
(c) The song which we listened to was very romantic.
(d) The song that we listened to was very romantic.
(e) The song we listened to was very romantic. |
İlgeçler (prepositions) sıfat cümlesinin başında ya
da sıfat cümlesinin fiilinden sonra kullanılırlar.
İlgeçlerin fiillerden sonra kullanımı daha çok
tercih edilir.
3. örnekte görüldüğü gibi, ilgeçler who ve that ilgi
zamirlerinden önce kullanılamazlar.
3. INCORRECT: The song to that we listened was very
romantic.
INCORRECT: This is the student about who I told you. |
5- WHOSE İLE NİTELEYEN
SIFAT TÜMLEÇLERİ
1. (a)
The man called the police. His car was stolen.
(b) The man whose car was stolen called the police.
2. (a) The teacher gives hard tests. I am taking his
course.
(b) The teacher whose course I am taking gives hard
tests.
3. (a) This is the girl. I borrowed her books.
(b) This is the girl whose books I borrowed.
Whose sıfat cümlelerinde iyelik belirtmek için his,
her, its ve their iyelik sıfatları yerine
kullanılır. |
Whose cümleden
düşürülemez.
4. (a) This is the car. Its seats are leather.
(b) This is the car whose seats are leather.
5. (a) I have an antique table. Its value is over $
1000.000.
(b) I have an antique table whose value is over $
1000.000.
Whose 4. ve 5. örneklerde de görüldüğü gibi cisimler
ve hayvanları nitelerken de kullanılır. |
6- WHERE İLE NİTELEYEN
SIFAT TÜMLEÇLERİ
1. (a)
That is the village. I was born there.
(b) That is the village where I was born.
(c) That is the village in which was born.
(d) That is the village which I was born in.
(e) That is the village that I was born in.
(f) That is the village I was born in. |
2. (a) The
restaurant is fantastic. We had lunch there.
(b) The restaurant where we had lunch was fantastic.
(c) The restaurant at which we had lunch was
fantastic.
(d) The restaurant which we had lunch at was
fantastic.
(e) The restaurant that we had lunch at was
fantastic.
(f) The restaurant we had lunch at was fantastic.
Where sıfat cümleciklerinde yer nitelemek için
kullanılır. |
Where
ile başlayan sıfat cümleciklerinde ilgeçler
(prepositions) asla kullanılmaz. Eğer where
kullanılmamış ise, ilgeçler kullanılmak zorundadır..
İlgeçler that ilgi zamirinin önünde kullanılamazlar.
3. INCORRECT: (a) The restaurant at where we had
lunch was fantastic.
INCORRECT: (b) The restaurant at that we had lunch
was
fantastic. |
7- WHEN İLE
NİTELEYEN SIFAT TÜMLEÇLERİ
1. (a)
1975 is the year. I was born then.
(b) 1975 is the year when I was born.
(c) 1975 is the year in which I was born.
(d) 1975 is the year that I was born.
(e) 1975 is the year I was born.
|
2. (a) Tuesday is
the day. The holiday will start then.
(b) Tuesday is the day when the holiday will start.
(c) Tuesday is the day on which the holiday will
start.
(d) Tuesday is the day that the holiday will start.
(e) Tuesday is the day the holiday will start. |
When sıfat
cümleciklerinde zaman nitelemek için kullanılır.
Zaman niteleyen sıfat cümleciklerinde ilgeçlerin
kullanımı, diğer sıfat cümlelerinden biraz
farklıdır. (1-c) ve (2-c) de olduğu gibi, ilgeçler
sadece which ilgi zamiri ile kullanılabilir.;
ilgeçler için başka bir yer olasılığı yoktur. |
INCORRECT: (a) Tuesday is the day on when the
holiday will start.
INCORRECT: (b) Tuesday is the day on that the
holiday will start.
INCORRECT: (c) Tuesday is the day which the holiday
will start on.
Zaman niteleyen sıfat cümleciklerinda yapılan genel
hatalara dikkat ediniz.
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