TEST – 12
Psychologists tell us that there are four basic
stages that human beings pass through when they
enter and live in a new culture. This process, which
helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our
brain and our personality reacts to the strange new
things we encounter when we move from one culture to
another. If our culture involves bowing when we
greet someone, we may feel very uncomfortable in a
culture that does not involve bowing. If the
language we use when talking to someone in our own
culture is influenced by levels of formality based
on the other person's age and status, it may be
difficult for us to feel comfortable communicating
with people in the new culture. Culture begins with
the "honeymoon stage". This is the period of time
when we first arrive in which everything about the
new culture is strange and exciting. We may be
suffering from "jet lag" but we are thrilled to be
in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing
new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food.
This honeymoon stage can last for quite a long time
because we feel we are involved in some kind of
great adventure.
1. When does culture shock happen?
A) when you reach your teens
B) when you move to a big city
C) when you meet foreign people for the first time
D) when you go to live in a foreign culture
E) when you fly cross Atlantic
2. How do you feel during the first stage of culture
shock?
A) lonely and depressed
B) bored and homesick
C) happy and excited
D) angry and frustrated
E) surprised and disappointed
3. According to the author Honeymoon stage can last
long because
A) neutralization service charges great deal of
money.
B) orientation programs do nor consider the problems
of immigrants.
C) cultural variations influence different people in
different ways.
D) we might have hard times to acquire the target
language.
E) we might take it as an adventurous phenomenon.
Travelling medicine shows were a major figure of
entertainment in nineteenth-century, small-town
Australia. To hard-working citizens who saw too
little of the broader world, the shows' comedy and
musical skits provided a welcome diversion from
daily routines. Once a crowd had assembled, a
distinguished-looking gentleman who invariably bore
the title of "doctor" began his sales pitch for some
concoction or another made from "nature's elixirs"
that promised to cure everything from warts to the
common cold. Despite the obvious exaggeration of
such claims, business was often good. Though
travelling medicine shows are now a thing of the
past, medical trickery is not. Like their
nineteenth-century counterparts, contemporary quacks
look for to take advantage of common fears of pain
and death through the promotion of a "miracle
treatment." It is, therefore, essential that clients
be able to assess reports about a variety of drugs
and medical procedures. It would sure be a real help
to know a little about where the report came from
and if it was based on anything. Common sense also
helps.
4. By quacks, author refers to
A) health care organizations
B) medical supply companies
C) travelling entertainers
D) dishonest medical practitioners
E) licensed doctors
5. Which of the following best organizes the main
topics addressed in this passage?
A) Entertainment in small-town, nineteenth-century
Australia
B) How medical tricksters take advantage of common
fears
C) Products distributed by nineteenth-century
travelling medicine shows
D) Influence of travelling medicine shows on
modern-day medical trickery
E) Comparison of nineteenth-century travelling
medicine shows and present-day medical trickery
6. According to the author modern-day so-called
doctors
A) violate the state laws.
B) are more reliable than their nineteen-century
colleagues.
C) usually successful in treating the incurable
diseases.
D) travel all around the United Kingdom to sell
their innovative medicines.
E) still offer miracle medicines to desperate
patients.
Lkhaon Khaol, the popular theatre of Cambodia,
revolves around the story of Ramadan. In this epic
drama, the god Vishnu takes the human form of Rama,
devoted husband to the beautiful Sita. The main plot
involves Sita's abduction by Ravana, a demon-king,
and Sita's heroic rescue by Rama. In the masked
theatre, all roles are played by men. Traditionally,
men accepted into a masked theater troupe perform
with that troupe for the rest of their lives,
perfecting their roles and enjoying the admiration
and respect of the community. Most performers join
the troupe as young boys, initially acting as
members of Rama's court. The most promising
performers advance to the more exacting roles of
warriors and giants. Only a youth who shows special
dancing ability, however, may be selected to study
the role of Ravana. This role has gestures quite
different from those of other characters and can be
learned only after mastering a subordinate role.
Over time, members o£ the troupe might perform in a
variety of roles, but it is more common for the same
man to perform the same character for many years.
Masked theatre was presented only in those villages
that were home to resident troupes. Masked theatre
disappeared during the Cambodian civil war of the
1970s and 1980s but is being re-established today
with the help of the few surviving members of
pre-war troupes.
7. Which of the following would be the most
appropriate title for this passage?
A) The Revival of Cambodia's Masked Theatre
B) The Story of Ramadan
C) Theatre Troupes and Village Life in Cambodia
D) The History of Theatre in Cambodia
E) Performers in the Masked Theatres of Cambodia
8. According to information presented in the
passage, the role of Ravana is played only by
performers who
A) began to perform at an early age.
B) have special dancing skills.
C) can play a variety of roles.
D) have never performed as warriors or giants.
E) are older and more experienced.
9.Which of the following inferences may be drawn
from information presented in the passage?
A) Women participate in backstage work at masked
theatre performances.
B) Today, there are more masked theatres in Cambodia
than there were before the Cambodian civil war.
C) Advancement in the masked theatres is based on
skill and experience.
D) The texts for masked theatre productions have
never been written down.
E) After the Cambodian civil war, there was little
interest in restoring Cambodian cultural traditions.
Your eyes are about three inches apart. That's more
than trivia -it's the reason you see the world in
three dimensions. The separation gives your eyes two
slightly different views of every scene you
encounter. In the brain's visual cortex, these views
are compared, and the overlap is translated into a
stereopticon picture. To estimate relative
distances, your brain takes a reading of the tension
in your eye muscles. But you only see in 3-D up to
about 200 feet. Beyond that, you might as well be
one-eyed - your eyes aren't far enough apart to give
two very different views over long distances.
Instead, you rely on experience to judge where
things are; the brain looks for clues and makes its
best guess. For example, it knows that near objects
overlap far ones; that bright objects are closer
than dim ones; and that large objects are nearer
than small ones. These "monocular cues" are what
painters use to trick us into thinking a flat canvas
is three-dimensional and miles deep. That's why
paintings are much more convincing if you close one
eye: Your brain hunts down all the clues the painter
has dropped. But when both of your eyes are open,
the brain gets more information and mixed signals.
The paint may say miles, but the muscles in your
eyes say inches. All of this fancy eye work is
second nature to us, but it is learned. "Other
cultures don't perceive pictures the same way we
do," says J. Anthony, Ph.D., associate professor of
psychology. "For example, primitive people don't
always think bigger means nearer. It's our Western
way of seeing things, and it's a way of seeing that
we've learned."
10. The primary purpose of the passage is to explain
A) how we see in three dimensions
B) the difference between Western and primitive
cultures
C) the use of 3-D paintings
D) why your eyes are three inches apart.
E) The concept of three dimensions.
11. 3-D vision would be most useful in looking at
which of the following? a distant mountain range
A) a flower arrangement
B) clouds
C) paintings
D) people's eye
E) a flat surface
12. The author mentions cultural differences in
perception to support his point that bigger means
nearer and
A) fancy eye work is second nature
B) we get mixed signals from paintings
C) perception is learned
D) it's a way of thinking
E) fancy eye work is natural
A wool sock, a toilet seat, Oriental silk - out of a
millennium of mud comes proof that the
globe-travelling Vikings weren't the ravaging rovers
historians made them to be. "The old English image
of the Vikings as simply blood-thirsty bands of
pillagers vanished with these finds," says Richard
Hall, an archaeologist. "We dug down and found a
cocoon of water-logging, a time capsule of everyday
life," said Hall, who led a tour Wednesday through a
muddy concrete hall fashioned out of the hole left
from the excavation. Hall was one of some 400 people
who, for five years, dug up the leftovers of the
lives of an estimated 30,000 Vikings. Workers
discovered the sophisticated settlement when a
central district of York was levelled for
rebuilding. Starting April 14, 1984, electric cars
will carry tourists through a tunnel of time that
goes back to 866 A.D., when the Vikings came to
York, 188 miles northwest of London. Archaeologists
are eager to display what they found in a $5.9
million reconstruction of Jorvik, the Anglo-Saxon
name for the settlement. "We have skeletons, 15,000
objects, a quarter-of-a-million pieces of pottery,
some of the best preserved Viking-age buildings ever
discovered and five tons of animal bones," Hall
said. The digs revealed intimate details of Viking
life. There is a toilet seat, keys, tools, games
counters, the seeds in the blackberries they picked
and a knitted woollen sock. "They were a great
trading nation with a sophisticated monetary
system," Hall said. "We will show the range of
products in which they traded - silk from the Far
East, amber from the Baltic, pottery from the
Rhineland, cowrie shells from the Indian Ocean."
13. The primary purpose of the passage is to
describe
A) a new archaeological discovery about the Vikings.
B) a new tourist attraction.
C) a new archaeological attraction.
D) the process of archaeological research.
E) Viking life-style
14. The Viking settlement was discovered by
A) archaeologists looking for a settlement.
B) builders reconstructing Jorvik.
C) tourists looking for buried objects.
D) workers levelling parts of a city.
E) Anglo-Saxons
15. Which of the following does the author primarily
use to support his view of the Vikings?
A) Analogy
B) comparison and contrast
C) examples
D) personal experience
E) retrospection
The late Elizabeth Bishop always epitomized, in John
Ashbery's phrase, "a writer's writer." By 1974, when
she became the first Australian - and the first
woman o- ever to receive the Neustadt International
Prize, the world at large began to realize what many
of her fellow poets had long suspected: that her
poetic achievement might in time overshadow that of
her more famous contemporaries. Bishop's admirers
will want to consult her "Collected Prose" for the
light it sheds on her poetry. They will discover,
however, that it is more than just a handsome
companion volume to last year's "Complete Poems,
1927-1979." Bishop's clean, limpid prose makes her
stories and memoirs a delight to read. Robert
Giroux, Bishop's editor, divides her "Collected
Prose" into "Memory: Persons & Places" and
"Stories." Fair enough, though inevitably the
distinctions between these two categories blur.
Stories like "Gwendolyn" and the justly celebrated
"In the Village" do double duty as autobiographical
statements. By the same token "Efforts of Affection"
- a memoir of Marianne Moore as mentor and friend
"achieves the emotional resonance of a finely
wrought short story. So does "The U.S.A. School of
Writing," Bishop's account of her first job after
graduation from Vassar in the midst of the Great
Depression. For the grand sum of $15 a week, she
impersonated a "successful, money-making" author
named "Fred G. Margolies" for a shady correspondence
school in New York City.
16. It is implied in the passage that Bishop's
recognition as a writer will
A) decrease because she is no longer writing.
B) decrease because she is read mainly by other
writers.
C) increase because her writing is good.
D) increase because the reputations of writers
always increase after they die.
E) decrease because she lost the public interest
17. The reviewer's primary purpose for mentioning
specific examples of Bishop's work is to show that
A) Bishop had an interesting life.
B) "Collected Prose" is a companion volume to
"Collected Poems.
C) Bishop started her career at a correspondence
school.
D) Bishop's stories and memoirs have similar
characteristics.
E) Bishop's characters are versatile.
18. Which of the following could be a fact rather
than an opinion?
A) Bishop is admired by other writers.
B) Bishop's stories are a delight to read.
C) "Efforts of Affection" achieves the emotional
resonance of a finely wrought short story.
D) Bishop's stories are justly celebrated
E) Bishop is a writer's writer
The Norman victory at Hastings marked the turning
point of a blood-splashed October day just 950 years
ago - a day which so changed the course of events
that it is impossible to reckon our history without
those few furious hours. For when darkness fell on
Senlac Hill, near the seaside town of Hastings on
the southeast coast of England, William, Duke of
Normandy, had earned the lasting sobriquet of
"Conqueror." And a flow of concepts began that would
influence men's lives for centuries to come.
William, the Conqueror. Resolute and resourceful,
avaricious, rarely humorous, always unsentimental,
he found life a serious business. He expressed
practical ideas in a grinding tone of voice. In the
blood-and-iron era of the 11th century, he lived his
greatest - and his worst - moments on the
battlefield. His victory at the Battle of Hastings
made England once more a part of Europe, as it had
not been since the better days of the Roman Empire.
After the Conquest, the Scandinavian influence on
England began to give way to the political and
cultural ideals of the Latin world. Besides
feudalism and a new aristocracy, the Normans
implanted in England much of their language, law,
architecture, and social customs. The island kingdom
was thus brought into the mainstream of medieval
civilization. Englishmen participated in the
Crusades, the reform of church and monastery, and
other movements of the time.
19. The primary purpose of this passage is to
explain
A) the nature of medieval warfare.
B) the politics and culture of medieval England.
C) the significance of the Norman Conquest.
D) the strengths and weaknesses of William the
Conqueror.
E) the struggles of Crusaders.
20. By "The island kingdom" author refers to
A) England
B) Hastings
C) Normandy
D) Scandinavia
E) Senlac Hill
21. It is implied in the passage that the Norman
Conquest had results that
A) advanced the civilization of England.
B) restored England to her rightful place in the
Roman Empire.
C) turned England into a militaristic nation.
D) unified church and state in England.
E) introduced military tactics
Work tends to be associated with non-work-specific
environments activities, and schedules. If asked
what space is reserved for learning, many students
would suggest the classroom, the lab or the library.
What about the kitchen? The bedroom? In fact, any
room in which a student habitually studies becomes a
learning space, or a place associated with thinking.
Some people need to engage in sports or other
physical activity before they can work successfully.
Being sedentary seems to inspire others. Although
most classes are scheduled between 8:00 and 22:30,
some students do their best work before the sun
rises, some after it sets. Some need a less flexible
schedule than others, while a very few can sit and
not rise until their task is completed. Some
students work quickly and efficiently, while others
cannot produce anything without much dust and heat.
22. The passage most likely appeared in
A) a book on study skills.
B) a newspaper article on college campuses.
C) a book on research methods.
D) a journal of international affairs.
E) a booklet to introduce campus facilities.
23. According to the author
A) Students do not vary in their preference of
location in which they study.
B) Activities prior to a study session seem to be
invariable from one learner to the other.
C) Some learners do not want to be restricted to a
strict schedule.
D) The quality of a learning space plays a crucial
role in success.
E) Effective learning depends on cognitive
strategies rather that setting.
24. We can infer from the passage that
A) Students should be allowed to determine their own
working space and time.
B) Course schedules should be arranged in a manner
that students begin learning before the sun rises.
C) Course schedules should be arranged in a manner
that students have a time for recreational
activities
D) Working schedules of students should be same for
all
E)Contemporary education system should be designed
in order to answer the society's needs.
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